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CWNP CWNA-109 시험요강:

주제	소개
주제 1	WLAN Regulations and Standards: The topic discusses the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations. It also addresses the concepts of various Physical Layer (PHY) solutions, spread spectrum technologies, and 802.11 WLAN functional concepts.
주제 2	Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies: This topic explains the basic features and behavior of RF. It also discusses applying the basic concepts of RF mathematics and measurement. Lastly, the topic covers RF signal characteristics and the functionality of RF antennas.
주제 3	RF Validation and WLAN remediation: This topic covers RF interference, WLAN performance, the basic features of validation tools, and common wireless issues.

>> CWNA-109시험패스 가능한 공부문제 <<

최신 CWNA Certification CWNA-109 무료샘플문제 (Q116-Q121):

질문 # 116
What 802.11 PHY uses available space in very low frequency ranges that is not in use at the time by broadcast video signals?

A. SIG
B. DMG
C. DSSS
D. TVHT

정답：D

설명：
TVHT stands for Television Very High Throughput and it is a PHY defined by the 802.11af amendment. It uses the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum in the VHF and UHF bands between 54 and 790 MHz, which are not in use by broadcast video signals at the time. It can provide long-range and low-power connectivity for WLAN devices.

질문 # 117
You are troubleshooting a problem with a new 802.11ax AP. While the AP supports four spatial streams, most clients are only achieving maximum data rates of 150 Mbps. What is the likely cause?

A. Non-Wi-Fi interference in the channel
B. The clients are only two stream 802.11ax clients
C. Contention caused by an overlapping BSS
D. The clients are 802.11n devices

정답：D

설명：
The scenario described suggests that while the Access Point (AP) is capable of 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) with four spatial streams, the clients are only achieving data rates typical of 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) devices, which indicates that the clients are likely 802.11n devices. Here's why this is the most plausible explanation:
* 802.11n Limitations: Devices that adhere to the 802.11n standard have lower maximum data rates compared to 802.11ax devices due to differences in technology such as modulation, spatial streams, and channel bandwidth. An 802.11n device with a single spatial stream operating on a 20 MHz channel can achieve a maximum data rate of 72.2 Mbps. Even with two spatial streams under ideal conditions, this would only double to approximately 144.4 Mbps, which is close to the 150 Mbps mentioned.
* Spatial Stream Capability: The fact that the AP supports four spatial streams suggests it can achieve much higher data rates with 802.11ax clients that also support multiple spatial streams. However, if the clients are 802.11n devices, they may not be capable of using more than two spatial streams, and many earlier 802.11n devices were limited to just one.
The other options are less likely to be the primary cause based on the information provided:
* B. Two Stream 802.11ax Clients: If the clients were 802.11ax with only two spatial streams, they would likely achieve higher data rates than 150 Mbps due to the efficiency improvements in 802.11ax.
* C. Contention and D. Non-Wi-Fi Interference: While these could affect performance, they would not inherently limit clients to 150 Mbps,especially in the context of an 802.11ax environment where mechanisms to handle interference and contention are more advanced.
References:
* IEEE 802.11n-2009: Enhancements for Higher Throughput.
* CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam PW0-105, by David D.
Coleman and David A. Westcott.

질문 # 118
The IEEE 802.11-2012 standard requires VHT capable devices to be backward compatible with devices using which other 802.11 physical layer specifications (PHYs)?

A. HR/DSSS
B. ERP-PBCC
C. OFDM
D. DSSS-OFDM

정답：C

설명：
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is the physical layer specification (PHY) that VHT capable devices must be backward compatible with according to the IEEE 802.11-2012 standard. VHT (Very High Throughput) is aPHY and MAC enhancement that is defined in the IEEE 802.11ac amendment and is also known as Wi-Fi 5. VHT operates only in the 5 GHz band and uses features such as wider channel bandwidths (up to 160 MHz), higher modulation schemes (up to 256-QAM), more spatial streams (up to eight), multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), beamforming, and VHT PHY and MAC enhancements. VHT can achieve data rates up to 6.9 Gbps.
According to the IEEE 802.11-2012 standard, VHT capable devices must be backward compatible with devices using OFDM PHY, which is defined in the IEEE 802.11a amendment and is also used by IEEE
802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, and IEEE 802.11h amendments. OFDM operates in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and uses features such as subcarriers, symbols, guard intervals, and OFDM PHY and MAC enhancements. OFDM can achieve data rates up to 54 Mbps.
Backward compatibility means that VHT capable devices can interoperate with OFDM devices on the same network by using common features and parameters that are supported by both PHYs. For example, VHT capable devices can use a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, a modulation scheme of BPSK, QPSK, or 16-QAM, one spatial stream, no beamforming, and OFDM PHY and MAC headers when communicating with OFDM devices. Backward compatibility also means that VHT capable devices can fall back to OFDMmode when the signal quality or SNR is too low for VHT mode. References: 1, Chapter 3, page 123; 2, Section 3.2

질문 # 119
You are reporting on the RF environment in your facility. The manager asks you to describe the noise floor noted in the report. Which of the following is the best explanation?

A. The energy radiated by flooring materials that causes interference in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.
B. The noise caused by elevators, microwave ovens, and video transmitters.
C. The extra energy radiated by access points and client devices beyond that intended for the signal.
D. The RF energy that exists in the environment from intentional and unintentional RF radiators that forms the baseline above which the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist.

정답：D

설명：
The RF energy that exists in the environment from intentional and unintentional RF radiators that forms the baseline above which the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist is the best explanation of the noise floor noted in the report. The noise floor is a term that describes the level of background noise or interference in a wireless channel or band. The noise floor is measured in dBm (decibel-milliwatts) and it represents the minimum signal strength that can be detected or received by a wireless device. The noise floor is influenced by various factors, such as the sensitivity of the receiver, the antenna gain, the cable loss, and the ambient RF environment. The ambient RF environment consists of intentional and unintentional RF radiators that emit RF energy in the wireless spectrum. Intentional RF radiators are devices that are designed to transmit RF signals for communication purposes, such as Wi-Fi access points, Bluetooth devices, microwave ovens, or cordless phones. Unintentional RF radiators are devices that are not designed to transmit RF signals but generate electromagnetic radiation as a by-product of their operation, such as USB 3 devices, PC power supplies, or fluorescent lights. The noise floor affects WLAN performance and quality because it determines the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is required for a successful wireless transmission. SNR is the difference between the signal strength of the desired signal and the noise floor of the channel. SNR is also measured in dB and it indicates how much the signal stands out from the noise. A higher SNR means a better signal quality and a lower bit error rate. A lower SNR means a worse signal quality and a higher bit error rate.
Therefore, to achieve a reliable WLAN connection, the intentional signal of your WLAN must exist above the noise floor by a certain margin that depends on the data rate and modulation scheme used. The other options are not accurate or complete explanations of the noise floor noted in the report. The noise caused by elevators, microwave ovens, and video transmitters is not the noise floor but rather examples of interference sources that contribute to the noise floor. The extra energy radiated by access points and client devices beyond that intended for the signal is not the noise floor but rather an example of spurious emissions that cause interference to other devices or channels. The energy radiated by flooring materials that causes interference in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands is not the noise floor but rather an example of attenuation or reflection that reduces or changes the direction of the signal. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 139

질문 # 120
What frame type is used to reserve the wireless medium for the transmission of high data rate frames that may not be understood by all clients connected to the BSS?

A. PS-Poll
B. Beacon
C. ACK
D. RTS

정답：D

설명：
The frame type that is used to reserve the wireless medium for the transmission of high data rate frames that may not be understood by all clients connected to the BSS is RTS. RTS stands for Request to Send and is a control frame that is sent by a station to request access to the medium for a specified duration. The RTS frame contains the source and destination MAC addresses, as well as a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) value that indicates how long the medium will be occupied. The destination station responds with a Clear to Send (CTS) frame that echoes the NAV value and grants permission to the source station. All other stations in the BSS hear either the RTS or CTS frame and update their NAV timers accordingly, deferring their transmissions until the medium is free. The RTS/CTS mechanism can be used to prevent hidden node problems, reduce collisions, and protect high data rate frames that use features such as 802.11n or 802.11ac that may not be compatible with legacy stations. ACK, Beacon, and PS-Poll are not used to reserve the medium for high data rate frames. References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide:
ExamCWNA-109], page 112; [CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide:
ExamCWNA-109], page 102.

질문 # 121
......

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시험패스가능한CWNA-109시험패스가능한공부문제공부하기

CWNP CWNA-109 시험요강:

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최신 CWNA Certification CWNA-109 무료샘플문제 (Q116-Q121):

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