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WGUSecure Software Design (KEO1) Exam Sample Questions (Q103-Q108):
NEW QUESTION # 103
What is a countermeasure to the web application security frame (ASF) authentication threat category?
- A. Sensitive information is scrubbed from error messages
- B. Role-based access controls restrict access
- C. Credentials and tokens are encrypted.
- D. Cookies have expiration timestamps.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* ASF Authentication Threats: The Web Application Security Frame (ASF) authentication category encompasses threats related to how users and systems prove their identity to the application. This includes issues like weak passwords, compromised credentials, and inadequate access controls.
* Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): RBAC is a well-established security principle that aligns closely with addressing authentication threats. It involves assigning users to roles and granting those roles specific permissions based on the principle of least privilege. This limits the attack surface and reduces the impact of a compromised user account.
Let's analyze the other options:
* B. Credentials and tokens are encrypted: While vital for security, encryption primarily protects data at rest or in transit. It doesn't directly address authentication risks like brute-force attacks or weak password management.
* C. Cookies have expiration timestamps: Expiring cookies are a good practice, but their primary benefit is session management rather than directly mitigating authentication-specific threats.
* D. Sensitive information is scrubbed from error messages: While essential for preventing information leakage, this practice doesn't address the core threats within the ASF authentication category.
References:
* NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 4, Access Control (AC)
Family: (https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-53/rev-4/final) Details the importance of RBAC as a cornerstone of access control.
* The Web Application Security Frame (ASF): (https://patents.google.com/patent/US7818788B2/en) Outlines the ASF categories, with authentication being one of the primary areas.
NEW QUESTION # 104
Which software control test examines an application from a user perspective by providing a wide variety of input scenarios and inspecting the output?
- A. Black box
- B. Static
- C. White box
- D. Dynamic
Answer: A
Explanation:
The software control test that examines an application from a user perspective by providing a wide variety of input scenarios and inspecting the output is known as black box testing. This testing method focuses on the functionality of the application rather than its internal structures or workings. Testers provide inputs and examine outputs without knowing how and where the inputs are worked upon. It's designed to test the system' s external behavior.
* Black box testing is used to verify that the system meets the requirements and behaves as expected in various scenarios, including edge cases and incorrect input data. It helps in identifying discrepancies between the system's actual functionality and its specified requirements.
* This type of testing is applicable across various levels of software testing, including unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing. It is particularly useful for validating user stories and use cases during the software development process.
* Since black box testing treats the software as a "black box", it does not require the tester to have knowledge of the programming languages or the system's implementation. This allows testers to objectively test the software's behavior and performance.
References: The concept of black box testing is well-documented and is a standard practice in secure software design, as outlined by sources such as LambdaTest1 and other industry best practices.
NEW QUESTION # 105
Recent vulnerability scans discovered that the organization's production web servers were responding to ping requests with server type, version, and operating system, which hackers could leverage to plan attacks.
How should the organization remediate this vulnerability?
- A. Ensure servers are configured to return as little information as possible to network requests
- B. Ensure servers are regularly updated with the latest security patches
- C. Always uninstall or disable features that are not required
- D. Access to configuration files is limited to administrators
Answer: A
Explanation:
To remediate the vulnerability of servers responding to ping requests with sensitive information, the organization should configure the servers to return as little information as possible to network requests. This practice is known as reducing the attack surface. By limiting the amount of information disclosed, potential attackers have less data to use when attempting to exploit vulnerabilities. Regular updates and patching (Option B) are also important, but they do not address the specific issue of information disclosure.
Uninstalling or disabling unnecessary features (Option C) and restricting access to configuration files (Option D) are good security practices, but they do not directly prevent the leakage of server information through ping responses.
: The remediation steps are aligned with best practices in vulnerability management, which include finding, prioritizing, and fixing vulnerabilities, as well as configuring servers to minimize the exposure of sensitive information123.
NEW QUESTION # 106
Which type of threat exists when an attacker can intercept and manipulate form data after the user clicks the save button but before the request is posted to the API?
- A. Elevation of privilege
- B. Tampering
- C. Spoofing
- D. Information disclosure
Answer: B
Explanation:
The type of threat described is Tampering. This threat occurs when an attacker intercepts and manipulates data being sent from the client to the server, such as form data being submitted to an API. The attacker may alter the data to change the intended operation, inject malicious content, or compromise the integrity of the system. Tampering attacks are a significant concern in secure software design because they can lead to unauthorized changes and potentially harmful actions within the application.
:
Understanding the different types of API attacks and their prevention1.
Comprehensive guide on API security and threat mitigation2.
Detailed analysis of Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks and their impact on API security3.
NEW QUESTION # 107
The security team contracts with an independent security consulting firm to simulate attacks on deployed products and report results to organizational leadership.
Which category of secure software best practices is the team performing?
- A. Attack models
- B. Penetration testing
- C. Architecture analysis
- D. Code review
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Engaging an independent security consulting firm to simulate attacks on deployed products is an example of Penetration Testing.
Penetration testing involves authorized simulated attacks on a system to evaluate its security. The objective is to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious entities and to assess the system's resilience against such attacks. This proactive approach helps organizations understand potential weaknesses and implement necessary safeguards.
According to the OWASP Testing Guide, penetration testing is a critical component of a comprehensive security program:
"Penetration testing involves testing the security of systems and applications by simulating attacks from malicious individuals." References:
* OWASP Testing Guide
NEW QUESTION # 108
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