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NEW QUESTION # 148
You are responsible for securing a Kubernetes cluster that runs multiple applications. You need to implement a solution that performs static analysis of the container images used in the cluster to identify potential vulnerabilities.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step):
1. Choose a vulnerability scanning tool: There are many open-source and commercial tools available, such as Trivy, Anchore, and Clair-
2. Deploy the scanning tool in your cluster: This can be done by deploying the tool as a DaemonSet, so that it runs on every node, or by using a dedicated scanning service.
3. Configure the scanning tool to scan all container images in the cluster: This can be done by configuring the tool to scan images in your container registry or by scanning images as they are deployed.
4. Integrate the scanning tool with your CI/CD pipeline: This will allow you to scan images before they are deployed to the cluster.
5. Review and address any vulnerabilities identified by the scanning tool: Analyze the output of the scanning tool and take appropriate action to remediate any identified vulnerabilities.
NEW QUESTION # 149
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with a variety of workloads. One of your applications is a database that stores sensitive customer data- To enhance security, you need to implement network policies to limit the network traffic to and from this database pod. Specifically, you want to only allow access to the database from your application pods and deny all other traffic.
Create a NetworkPolicy that accomplishes this objective.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define the NetworkPolicy:
- Create a NetworkPoIicy YAML file.
- Define the policy name and target pods.
- Specify the ingress and egress rules.
- Example:
2. Apply the NetworkPolicy: - IJse ' kubectl apply -f database-policy-yamp to apply the policy. 3. Verification: - Verity that the NetworkPolicy is applied successfully- - Use 'kubectl get networkpolicies' to list the existing policies. 4. Test the Policy: - Attempt to access the database pod from a pod outside of the 'application' label. - The access should be denied due to the NetworkPolicy.
NEW QUESTION # 150
You have a Kubernetes cluster running a highly sensitive microservices application. You need to implement a strict security policy wnere only pods with specific labels can communicate with each other within the same namespace. How can you achieve this using NetworkPolicies?
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define Label-Based Access: Identify the specific labels tnat pods within tne namespace Should have to allow communication. For example, let'S say pods with the labels Sapp: serviceAS and Sapp: serviceB' should be allowed to communicate, but other pods should be isolated.
2. Create NetworkPolicy: Create a NetworkPolicy YAML file named 'strict-communication.yaml to define the communication policy:
- This policy allows pods with the labels 'app: serviceA' or Sapp: serviced' to communicate witn each other. Other pods Within the same namespace are not allowed to communicate. 3. Apply Network Policy: Apply the NetworkPolicy using 'kubectr: bash kubectl apply -f strict-communication.yaml 4. Verify Network Policy: Verify the NetworkPolicy is applied: bash kubectl get networkpolicies -n 5. Test Access: Test communication between pods within the namespace. Pods with the specified labels Capp: serviceAS and Sapp: serviceB') should be able to communicate. Other pods should not be able to communicate with each other or with the labeled pods. This NetworkPolicy enforces a strict communication policy within the namespace. It restricts communication to pods with specific labels, effectively isolating other pods within the same namespace. This policy can be tuner customized to define more granular communication rules based on labels and other pod attributes.
NEW QUESTION # 151
Cluster: admission-cluster
Master node: master
Worker node: worker1
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command:
[desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context admission-cluster
Context:
A container image scanner is set up on the cluster, but it's not yet fully integrated into the cluster's configuration. When complete, the container image scanner shall scan for and reject the use of vulnerable images.
Task:
You have to complete the entire task on the cluster's master node, where all services and files have been prepared and placed.
Given an incomplete configuration in directory /etc/Kubernetes/config and a functional container image scanner with HTTPS endpoint https://imagescanner.local:8181/image_policy:
1. Enable the necessary plugins to create an image policy
2. Validate the control configuration and change it to an implicit deny
3. Edit the configuration to point to the provided HTTPS endpoint correctly Finally, test if the configuration is working by trying to deploy the vulnerable resource /home/cert_masters/test-pod.yml Note: You can find the container image scanner's log file at /var/log/policy/scanner.log
Answer:
Explanation:
[master@cli] $ cd /etc/Kubernetes/config
1. Edit kubeconfig to explicity deny
[master@cli] $ vim kubeconfig.json
"defaultAllow": false # Change to false
2. fix server parameter by taking its value from ~/.kube/config
[master@cli] $cat /etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.yaml | grep server
server:
3. Enable ImagePolicyWebhook
[master@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
- --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,ImagePolicyWebhook # Add this
- --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.json # Add this Explanation
[desk@cli] $ ssh master
[master@cli] $ cd /etc/Kubernetes/config
[master@cli] $ vim kubeconfig.json
{
"imagePolicy": {
"kubeConfigFile": "/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.yaml",
"allowTTL": 50,
"denyTTL": 50,
"retryBackoff": 500,
"defaultAllow": true # Delete this
"defaultAllow": false # Add this
}
}
Note: We can see a missing value here, so how from where i can get this value
[master@cli] $cat ~/.kube/config | grep server
or
[master@cli] $cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
[master@cli] $vim /etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.yaml
[master@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction # Delete This - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,ImagePolicyWebhook # Add this - --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.json # Add this Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/
- --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction # Delete This
- --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,ImagePolicyWebhook # Add this
- --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.json # Add this
[master@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction # Delete This - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,ImagePolicyWebhook # Add this - --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/config/kubeconfig.json # Add this Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/
NEW QUESTION # 152
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with a deployment named "my-app" that uses a container image from a public registry. You suspect that a recent deployment update may have introduced a vulnerability in one of the containers. You want to apply a security patch to the container image Without rebuilding it. Explain now you would implement this using a container patching tool like 'kpatch' and update the deployment.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Install 'kpatch'
- Install the 'kpatch' tool on your system or within your Kubernetes cluster. 'kpatch' is a utility for patching running Linux kernels and user-space programs without rebuilding them.
2. Identify the Vulnerable Library:
- Use a vulnerability scanner like Trivy to identify the specific vulnerable library within the container image.
3. Patch the Vulnerable Library:
- Use 'kpatch' to apply the security patch to the vulnerable library within the running container.
- You can use the 'kpatch apply' command with the patch file and the containers process ID to apply the patch.
4. Update the Deployment
- While 'kpatch' allows for patching running containers, it's important to note that the patch will be lost when the container restarts. To ensure persistence, you need to update the deployment to use a patched container image:
- Obtain a patched version of the container image from a trusted source or build your own patched image.
- Update the "my-app" deployment configuration to pull the patched image from your registry.
5. Validate the Patch:
- After updating the deployment, verify that the patch has been successfully applied by running a vulnerability scan on the running container.
NEW QUESTION # 153
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