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NEW QUESTION # 29
Which two files are used to deploy CN-Series firewalls in Kubernetes clusters? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The CN-Series firewalls are Palo Alto Networks' containerized Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs) designed to secure Kubernetes clusters. Unlike the Strata Hardware Firewalls (e.g., PA-Series), which are physical appliances, the CN-Series is a software-based solution deployed within containerized environments.
The question focuses on the specific files used to deploy CN-Series firewalls in Kubernetes clusters. Based on Palo Alto Networks' official documentation, the two correct files are PAN-CN-MGMT-CONFIGMAP and PAN-CN-MGMT. Below is a detailed explanation of why these files are essential, with references to CN- Series deployment processes (noting that Strata hardware documentation is not directly applicable here but is contextualized for clarity).
Step 1: Understanding CN-Series Deployment in Kubernetes
The CN-Series firewall consists of two primary components: the CN-MGMT (management plane) and the CN-NGFW (data plane). These components are deployed as containers in a Kubernetes cluster, orchestrated using YAML configuration files. The deployment process involves defining resources such as ConfigMaps, Pods, and Services to instantiate and manage the CN-Series components. The files listed in the question are Kubernetes manifests or configuration files used during this process.
* CN-MGMT Role:The CN-MGMT container handles the management plane, providing configuration, logging, and policy enforcement for the CN-Series firewall. It requires a dedicated YAML file to define its deployment.
* CN-NGFW Role:The CN-NGFW container handles the data plane, inspecting traffic within the Kubernetes cluster. It relies on configurations provided by CN-MGMT and additional networking setup (e.g., via CNI plugins).
* ConfigMaps:Kubernetes ConfigMaps store configuration data separately from container images, making them critical for passing settings to CN-Series components.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which statement appropriately describes performance tuning Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) functions on a Palo Alto Networks NGFW running Advanced Threat Prevention?
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Create a New Threat Profile (Answer B):
* Performance tuning inIntrusion Prevention System (IPS)involves ensuring that only the most relevant and necessary signatures are enabled for the specific environment.
* Palo Alto Networks allows you to createcustom threat profilesto selectively enable signatures that match the threats most likely to affect the environment. This reduces unnecessary resource usage and ensures optimal performance.
* By tailoring the signature set, organizations can focus on real threats without impacting overall throughput and latency.
* Why Not A:
* Leaving all signatures turned on is not a best practice because it may consume excessive resources, increasing processing time and degrading firewall performance, especially in high- throughput environments.
* Why Not C:
* While working with TAC for debugging may help identify specific performance bottlenecks, it is not a recommended approach for routine performance tuning. Instead, proactive configuration changes, such as creating tailored threat profiles, should be made.
* Why Not D:
* Disabling irrelevant threat signatures can improve performance, but this task is effectively accomplished bycreating a new threat profile. Manually disabling signatures one by one is not scalable or efficient.
References from Palo Alto Networks Documentation:
* Threat Prevention Best Practices
* Custom Threat Profile Configuration
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which two files are used to deploy CN-Series firewalls in Kubernetes clusters? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The CN-Series firewalls are Palo Alto Networks' containerized Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs) designed to secure Kubernetes clusters. Unlike the Strata Hardware Firewalls (e.g., PA-Series), which are physical appliances, the CN-Series is a software-based solution deployed within containerized environments.
The question focuses on the specific files used to deploy CN-Series firewalls in Kubernetes clusters. Based on Palo Alto Networks' official documentation, the two correct files are PAN-CN-MGMT-CONFIGMAP and PAN-CN-MGMT. Below is a detailed explanation of why these files are essential, with references to CN- Series deployment processes (noting that Strata hardware documentation is not directly applicable here but is contextualized for clarity).
Step 1: Understanding CN-Series Deployment in Kubernetes
The CN-Series firewall consists of two primary components: the CN-MGMT (management plane) and the CN-NGFW (data plane). These components are deployed as containers in a Kubernetes cluster, orchestrated using YAML configuration files. The deployment process involves defining resources such as ConfigMaps, Pods, and Services to instantiate and manage the CN-Series components. The files listed in the question are Kubernetes manifests or configuration files used during this process.
* CN-MGMT Role: The CN-MGMT container handles the management plane, providing configuration, logging, and policy enforcement for the CN-Series firewall. It requires a dedicated YAML file to define its deployment.
* CN-NGFW Role: The CN-NGFW container handles the data plane, inspecting traffic within the Kubernetes cluster. It relies on configurations provided by CN-MGMT and additional networking setup (e.g., via CNI plugins).
* ConfigMaps: Kubernetes ConfigMaps store configuration data separately from container images, making them critical for passing settings to CN-Series components.
Reference:
"CN-Series Deployment Guide" (Palo Alto Networks) outlines the deployment process, stating, "The CN- Series firewall is deployed using Kubernetes YAML files that define the management and data plane components." Step 2: Identifying the Correct Files Option B: PAN-CN-MGMT-CONFIGMAP Explanation:The PAN-CN-MGMT-CONFIGMAP file is a Kubernetes ConfigMap used to store configuration data for the CN-MGMT component. This file includes settings such as Panorama IP addresses, authentication keys, and other parameters needed to initialize the CN-Series management plane. It is applied to the cluster before deploying the CN-MGMT Pod to ensure the management plane has the necessary configuration.
Purpose: Provides the CN-MGMT container with external configuration details, such as connectivity to Panorama for centralized management.
Deployment Step: The ConfigMap is created using a command like kubectl apply -f pan-cn-mgmt- configmap.yaml, as specified in the CN-Series setup process.
Strata Context: While Strata Hardware Firewalls (e.g., PA-400 Series) use Panorama for management too, the CN-Series adapts this concept to Kubernetes with ConfigMaps, a container-native construct.
Reference:
"Deploy the CN-Series Firewall" (Palo Alto Networks) specifies, "Create a ConfigMap using the pan-cn- mgmt-configmap.yaml file to provide configuration data for the CN-MGMT Pod."
"CN-Series Configuration Guide" confirms its role in passing Panorama settings to CN-MGMT.
Why Option B is Correct:PAN-CN-MGMT-CONFIGMAP is a mandatory file for deploying the CN-Series management plane, making it one of the two key files required.
Option C: PAN-CN-MGMT
Explanation:The PAN-CN-MGMT file is the YAML manifest that defines the CN-MGMT Pod deployment in the Kubernetes cluster. This file specifies the container image, resource requirements (e.g., CPU, memory), and references the PAN-CN-MGMT-CONFIGMAP for configuration data. It instantiates the management plane, enabling policy management and integration with Panorama.
Purpose: Deploys the CN-MGMT container as a Pod, which serves as the brain of the CN-Series firewall, managing policies and monitoring the data plane.
Deployment Step: Applied using kubectl apply -f pan-cn-mgmt.yaml, this file brings the management plane online after the ConfigMap is in place.
Strata Context: Unlike Strata hardware, which is pre-installed and configured physically, CN-MGMT uses Kubernetes orchestration, but its management function aligns with the PA-Series' management plane.
Reference:
"CN-Series Deployment Guide" states, "Use the pan-cn-mgmt.yaml file to deploy the CN-MGMT Pod, which manages the CN-Series firewall in the Kubernetes cluster."
"CN-Series Tech Docs" detail the YAML structure for CN-MGMT, including its dependence on the ConfigMap.
Why Option C is Correct:PAN-CN-MGMT is the core deployment file for the CN-Series management plane, making it essential for Kubernetes deployment.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A: PAN-CN-NGFW-CONFIG
Analysis:There is no file named PAN-CN-NGFW-CONFIG in Palo Alto Networks' CN-Series deployment documentation. The CN-NGFW (data plane) component uses a separate YAML file, typically named pan-cn- ngfw.yaml, to deploy its Pods. However, no "CONFIG" suffix exists, and the data plane deployment relies on CN-MGMT for configuration rather than a standalone ConfigMap with this name.
Reference: "Deploy the CN-Series Firewall" mentions pan-cn-ngfw.yaml for the data plane, not PAN-CN- NGFW-CONFIG.
Option D: PAN-CNI-MULTUS
Analysis:The PAN-CNI-MULTUS file relates to the Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin used for advanced networking in CN-Series deployments, such as Multus for multiple network interfaces. While it is part of the networking setup (e.g., to enable traffic redirection to CN-NGFW), it is not one of the primary files for deploying the CN-Series firewall itself. The question asks for files directly tied to firewall deployment, not optional networking enhancements.
Reference: "CN-Series Networking Guide" mentions Multus CNI as an optional configuration, applied separately via pan-cni-multus.yaml, not a core deployment file.
Conclusion
The CN-Series firewall deployment in Kubernetes clusters relies on PAN-CN-MGMT-CONFIGMAP (B) to provide configuration data and PAN-CN-MGMT (C) to deploy the management plane Pod. These two files are explicitly required per Palo Alto Networks' CN-Series documentation, ensuring the firewall's management component is operational. While Strata Hardware Firewalls like the PA-Series operate in physical environments, the CN-Series adapts similar NGFW capabilities to containers, with these files serving as the Kubernetes equivalent of hardware setup and configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Regarding APIs, a customer RFP states: "The vendor's firewall solution must provide an API with an enforcement mechanism to deactivate API keys after two hours." How should the response address this clause?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Palo Alto Networks' PAN-OS supports API keys for authentication when interacting with the firewall's RESTful and XML-based APIs. By default, API keys do not have an expiration time set, but the expiration time for API keys can be configured by an administrator to meet specific requirements, such as a time-based deactivation after two hours. This is particularly useful for compliance and security purposes, where API keys should not remain active indefinitely.
Here's an evaluation of the options:
* Option A: This is incorrect because the default setting for API keys does not include an expiration time. By default, API keys are valid indefinitely unless explicitly configured otherwise.
* Option B: This is incorrect because PAN-OS fully supports API keys. The API keys are integral to managing access to the firewall's APIs and provide a secure method for authentication.
* Option C: This is incorrect because PAN-OS does support API key expiration when explicitly configured. While the default is "no expiration," the feature to configure an expiration time (e.g., 2 hours) is available.
* Option D (Correct): The correct response to the RFP clause is that the default API key settings need to be modified to set the expiration time to 120 minutes (2 hours). This aligns with the customer requirement to enforce API key deactivation based on time. Administrators can configure this using the PAN-OS management interface or the CLI.
How to Configure API Key Expiration (Steps):
* Access the Web Interface or CLI on the firewall.
* Navigate to Device > Management > API Key Lifetime Settings (on the GUI).
* Set the desired expiration time (e.g., 120 minutes).
* Alternatively, use the CLI to configure the API key expiration:
set deviceconfig system api-key-expiry <time-in-minutes>
commit
* Verify the configuration using the show command or by testing API calls to ensure the key expires after the set duration.
References:
Palo Alto Networks API Documentation: https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/apis Configuration Guide: Managing API Key Expiration
NEW QUESTION # 33
What are two methods that a NGFW uses to determine if submitted credentials are valid corporate credentials? (Choose two.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* LDAP Query (Answer B):
* Palo Alto Networks NGFWs can queryLDAP directories(such as Active Directory) to validate whether submitted credentials match the corporate directory.
* Domain Credential Filter (Answer C):
* TheDomain Credential Filterfeature ensures that submitted credentials are checked against valid corporate credentials, preventing credential misuse.
* Why Not A:
* Group mappingis used to identify user groups for policy enforcement but does not validate submitted credentials.
* Why Not D:
* WMI client probingis used for user identification but is not a method for validating submitted credentials.
References from Palo Alto Networks Documentation:
* Credential Theft Prevention
NEW QUESTION # 34
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